FAA Ground School Practice Test

What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?

1. Induced drag increases, making landing smoother

2. Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating

3. Ground effect only occurs during takeoff

4. Ground effect has no impact on landing

The correct answer is: Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating

Ground effect is a phenomenon that occurs when an aircraft is flying close to the surface of the earth, typically within about one wingspan's distance from the ground. This effect reduces the intensity of induced drag as the aircraft approaches the ground, allowing it to maintain lift more efficiently. When a pilot is aware that induced drag decreases due to ground effect, this understanding is critical during landing. If the aircraft has any excess speed at the point of flare—a moment when the nose is raised to reduce descent rate—this reduction in drag can cause the aircraft to float longer than expected. This can lead to an extended landing distance and require adjustments in the landing technique to ensure a safe touchdown. Recognizing the dynamics of ground effect allows pilots to better manage their approach, ensuring that they maintain proper speed and descent rates to avoid the complications associated with floating during landing.