FAA Ground School Practice Test

What should a pilot do when departing behind a heavy aircraft to avoid wake turbulence?

1. Fly below and downwind of the heavy aircraft

2. Maneuver above and upwind from the heavy aircraft

3. Remain stationary until the heavy aircraft is clear

4. Take off at the same time as the heavy aircraft to minimize turbulence

The correct answer is: Maneuver above and upwind from the heavy aircraft

Maneuvering above and upwind from a heavy aircraft is the recommended action for a pilot departing behind such an aircraft to avoid wake turbulence. Heavy aircraft generate significant wake turbulence, especially during takeoff and landing phases due to their large size and weight. This wake can remain in the vicinity of the flight path for several minutes and is particularly hazardous to smaller and lighter aircraft. By positioning the aircraft above and upwind, the pilot can effectively avoid the turbulence that trails off the wings of the heavier aircraft. This placement takes advantage of the natural flow of air, as the turbulence is less likely to drift toward the maneuvering aircraft. It is also critical for the pilot to maintain appropriate separation distances, since wake turbulence can have a profound impact on the control and stability of the following aircraft. This approach reduces the chances of encountering sudden, unpredictable movements caused by the wake, thus ensuring a safer takeoff and departure trajectory.